2020年4月重庆自考00832英语词汇学(一)复习资料（4）

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        重庆自考00832英语词汇学(一)备考资料

        Chapter 4 Word-Formation II

        Affixation词缀法（Derivation派生法）：adding word-formation or derivational affixes to stem.

        Prefixation前缀@：It's the formation of new words by adding a prefixes to stems.

        1)'表示否定'nagative prefixes: un-,non,in-,dis,a- etc.

        2)''reversative or privative prefixes: un-,de-dis etc.

        3)'表示贬义'pejorative prefixes: mis-, mal-, pseudo- etc.

        4)'表示程度'degree or size prefixes: arch-, super-,out-,sub-,over-,under-,hyper-,ultra-,mini- etc.

        5)'表示方向、态度'orientation & attitude prefixes:counter-,contra-,anti-,pro- etc.

        6)locative prefixes:super-,sub-,inter-,trans- etc.

        7)'表示时间、次序'time and order prefixes:fore-,pre-,post-,ex-,re- etc.

        8)'表示数量'number prefixes:uni-/mono-,bi-/di-,tri-,multi-/poly- etc.

        9)'混杂'miscellaneous prefixes：auto-, neo-, pan-, vice-

        Suffixation后缀@: It's the formation of a new word by adding suffixes to stems.

        1)noun suffixes  2)adjective suffixes  3)Adverb suffixes  4)verb suffixes

        Compounding复合法  （also called composition）

        Compounding: is the formation of new words by joining two or more stems

        Compounds are written in three ways: solid(airmail) hyphenated(air-conditioning) open(air force, air raid)

        Formation of compounds

        noun compounds  e.g. : air + plane = airplane,flower + pot = flower pot

        adjective compounds   e.g.  acid + head = acid-head

        verb compounds   e.g.   house + keep = housekeep

        Conversion转类法

        Conversion: is the formation of new words by converting words of one class to another class.

        Blending混成法

        Blending is the formation of new words by combining parts of two words or a word plus a part of another word e.g: motor + hotel = motel, smoke + fog = smog, formula + translation = FORTRAN

        Clipping截缩法

        Clipping: to shorten a longer word by cutting a part off the original and using what remains instead.

        e.g. plane from airplane,  phone from telephone.

        1).Front clippings (phone from telephone)           2).Back clippings (dorm from dormitory)

        3).Front and back clippings (flu from influenza)    4).Phrase clippings (pop from popular music)

        Acronymy首字母缩写法

        Acronymy:is the process of forming new words by joining the initial letters of names of social and political organizations or special noun phrases and technical terms.

        Initialism首字母缩写词法: initialisms are pronounced letter by letter. e.g.: BBC(for British Broadcasting corporation)

        Acronym首字母拼读词法:Acronyms are words formed from initial letters but pronounced as a normal word.

        Back-formation（逆生法，逆构词）

        Back-formation is considered to be the opposite process of suffixation.(greed from greedy)

        Words From Proper Name专有名词转成法

        Names of people, places, book, and trade names (e.g.: sir watt siemens(人名) -- watt（瓦特，电功率单位）

        重庆自考00832英语词汇学(一)资料大全

        以上是“2020年4月重庆自考00832英语词汇学(一)复习资料（4）”由重庆成人教育网收集整理。